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As one of the five senses of human beings, taste is inseparable from our lives. It is vulnerable to radiotherapy-induced injury for head and neck malignant tumors, which in turn affects the patients′ quality of life and clinical prognosis. In this article, the epidemiological characteristics, pathogenesis, influencing factors, evaluation and prevention and treatment of radiotherapy-related taste disorders were reviewed, aiming to explore the research progress on the radiotherapy-induced taste disorders and provide novel ideas to improve the quality of life in the whole process of radiotherapy for patients with head and neck malignant tumors.
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Objective To investigate the mechanism of implanted tissue-engineered bone (TEB)recruiting endogenous mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) towards bone regeneration after traumatic bone defect.Methods In vivo experiments:2 mm of diaphysis and periosteum were removed from the middle of the femoral shaft in 8 week old FVB/N mice to form a large segment of bone defect.Demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and TEB were implanted into the defect area and fixated.All mice were randomly divided into DBM group (n =18) and TEB group (n =18).The results were observed 24 hours after implantation:(1) flow cytometry was used to evaluate the number of mobilized host BMSCs into the blood;(2) non-invasive bioluminescent imaging was used to observe the ability of two groups in recruiting mouse bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) in peripheral blood to the defect area;(3) ELISA was used to evaluate the stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) content in peripheral blood of two groups.In vitro experiments:(1) transwell assay was conducted to evaluate the ability of SDF-1 (100 ng/ml) in promoting the migration of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs).SDF-1/C-X-C motif chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) pathway was blocked by the selective CXCR4 antagonist Plerixafor (AMD3100).The experimental groups were divided into control group,SDF-1 group,and SDF-1 + AMD3100 group.(2) The co-culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (hUVECs) and hBMSCs was established,and cells were stimulated by SDF-1.The experimental groups were divided into hBMSCs group,hBMSCs + hUVECs group,and hBMSCs + hUVECs (AMD3100 pretreatment) group.Transwell assays were used to compare the migration of hBMSCs in each group.ELISA was used to detect the concentration of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the co-culture supernatant.(3) In vitro cultured hUVECs were stimulated by SDF-1 and SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway was antagonized by AMD3100.The experimental groups were divided into control group,SDF-1 group,and SDF-1 + AMD3100 group.Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT PCR) was used to evaluate the expression of HGF in each group.Results In vivo experiments:24 h after transplantation,the number of BMSCs and SDF-1 concentration in the TEB group were significantly highcr than those in the DBM group (P ＜ 0.05).The number of recruited mBMSCs into the circulation in the TEB group was larger than that in the DBM group (P＜ 0.01).In vitro experiments:(1) compared with the control group and the SDF-1 + AMD3100 group,the SDF-1 group significantly enhanced the migration ability of hBMSCs in Transwell migration experiments (P ＜ 0.01);(2) compared with the hBMSCs group and the hBMSCs + hUVECs (AMD3100 pretreatment) group,the number of migrated cells and HGF concentration in the hBMSCs + hUVEC group significantly increased (P ＜ 0.01),but there were no significant differences between the hBMSCs group and the hBMSCs + hUVECs (AMD3100 Pretreatment) group (P ＞0.05);(3) qRT-PCR showed that the expression of HGF was significantly increased in the SDF-1 group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05).After antagonizing SDF-1/CXCR4,HGF expression in the SDF-1 + AMD3100 group was significantly lower than that in the SDF-1 group.Conclusions TEB transplantation in traumatic bone defect can significantly increase the concentration of chemokine SDF-1 in vivo and effectively promote the mobilization of endogenous MSCs and recruitment of circulating MSCs.SDF-1 not only directly promotes the migration of hBMSCs through SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway,but also up-regulates the expression and secretion of HGF in vascular cells to further amplify the chemotactic effect of SDF-1 on hBMSCs.
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Objective To observe the effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) combined with rehabilitation training on motor cortex in children with motor retardation. Methods Sixty children with motor retardation were divided into treatment group and control group by random digits table method with 30 cases each. The children in control group were treated with rehabilitation training, and the children in treatment group were treated with rTMS combined with rehabilitation training. Two groups were treated for 3 courses. The Gesell pediatric neuropsychological scale and gross motor function measure (GMFM) scale before and after treatment were evaluated. Results There was no headache, dizziness and abnormal pathological reaction in the 2 groups. The motor behavior development quotient scores of Gesell pediatric neuropsychological scale after treatment in control group and treatment group were significantly higher than those before treatment: (64.37 ± 16.37) scores vs. (62.37 ± 14.21) scores and (74.50 ± 13.32) scores vs. (61.90 ± 13.76) scores, but the score in treatment was significantly higher than that in control group, and there were statistical differences (P0.05. The language behavior development quotient after treatment in treatment group was significantly higher than that before treatment:(80.70 ± 5.38) scores vs. (78.57 ± 5.72) scores, and there was statistical difference (P0.05). Conclusions The rTMS combined with rehabilitation training is better in gross movement than the single rehabilitation training for children with motor retardation. The rTMS can improve the motor function and language ability of children.
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Objective:To explore the application value of transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with language training for children with language retardation.Methods:100 children with language retardation who were treated in our hospital from March 2015 to March 2016 were selected as the research object.They were divided into control group and observation group according to the random number table method,50 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine language training,while the observation group was treated with transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with language training.The treatment of the two groups were 3 months.The therapeutic effects were evaluated by the language development in Chinese children assessment method and the changes of developmental quotient before and after treatment were evaluated by the neuropsychological development test for children.Results:The effective rate of the observation group was 98.0％,which was significantly higher than 87.0％ of the control group (P＜0.05).Compared with before treatment,the language development quotient and development quotient of the two groups after treatment for 1,2 and 3 months were significantly improved,and the observation group was significantly better than the control group (P＜0.05).The normal rate of the observation group was 80.0％,which was significantly higher than 66.0％ of the control group (P＜0.05).Conclusion:The effect oftranscranial magnetic stimulation combined with language training is ideal,which can effectively improve the developmental quotient of children with language retardation,and it is worth promoting in clinical practice.
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STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective case series. PURPOSE: To investigate the clinical efficacy and feasibility of one-stage anterolateral debridement, bone grafting, and internal fixation for treating lumbosacral tuberculosis. OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE: There has been no consensus regarding the optimal means of treating lumbosacral tuberculosis. The one-stage anterolateral extraperitoneal approach for radical debridement, bone grafting, and internal fixation for treating lumbosacral tuberculosis is rare in literature. METHODS: Twenty-one patients with lumbosacral tuberculosis were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent the surgery of anterolateral debridement after regularly antituberculous drugs therapy. We evaluated the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, radiography, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, visual analogue score, and Oswestry disability index before and after surgery. RESULTS: All patients completed a follow-up survey 9–48 months after surgery. All patients' wounds healed well without chronic infection or sinus formation, and all patients with low-back pain reported relief after surgery. All cases had no tuberculosis recurrence. Solid bony fusion was achieved within 6–12 months. At final follow-up, evaluated the erythrocyte sedimentation rate decreased from 38.1±12.5 to 11.3±7.1 mm/hr, C-reactive protein decreased from 6.2±4.2 to 1.6±1.3 mg/dL, the visual analog scale score decreased from 4.6±1.1 to 1.4±1.0, the Oswestry disability index score decreased from 50.2%±11.9% to 13.0%±6.6%, and the lumbosacral angle increased from 20.0°±4.8° to 29.0°±3.9° (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: One-stage anterolateral debridement, bone grafting, and internal instrument fixation for treating lumbosacral tuberculosis is safe and effective.
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Humans , Blood Sedimentation , Bone Transplantation , C-Reactive Protein , Consensus , Debridement , Follow-Up Studies , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Radiography , Recurrence , Retrospective Studies , Treatment Outcome , Tuberculosis , Visual Analog Scale , Wounds and InjuriesABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the methods and effects of different flaps for repair of high energy injury-induced soft tissue wound of the heel.Methods From January 2002 to June 2012,the patients including 12 males and 9 females aged 18-57 years (mean,32 years) underwent heel soft tissue defect reconstruction.Causes of injury were traffic injury in 11 case and mechanical injury in 10 cases.Dimension of soft tissue defect ranged from 5 cm × 3 cm to 8 cm × 6 cm.Soft-tissue defect was repaired with sural neurovascular flaps at the posterolateral heel in 9 cases (Group A),with posterior tibial artery flaps at the posterolateral heel in 5 cases (Group B),and with medial plantar flaps at the loading area of heel in 7 cases (Group C).Sensory recovery and two point discrimination motion of the ankle joint were observed and compared among groups 12 month after operation.Heel pain was observed during weight bearing and joint activity was evaluated using the visual analogue scale (VAS).Results All the flaps survived,except for one with epidermal necrosis over the distal part,which healed after partial changing medication.Duration of follow-up was 12-24 months.There were no differences in the appearance,texture and contour between the flaps and recipient sites.Flaps showed no ulcer in the weight-bearing area and recovered their protective sense.Patients could walk normally after surgery.At postoperative 1 year,sensory recovery rate of the flaps in Groups A,B and C was 0,20％ and 100％ respectively (P ＜0.01).Appearance of the heel in all groups recovered to almost normal.Cases that could start nil weight-bearing exercise without pain accounted for 8 (89％) in Group A,4 (80％) in Group B,and 6 (86％) in Group C (P ＞ 0.05).While heel pain existed in weight-bearing exercise.Difference in VAS was significant among the three groups (P ＜ 0.05),but ankle range of motion was not (P ＞0.05).Conclusion Medial plantar flaps are suitable for tissue defect of 5-8 cm in length but sural neurovascular flaps and posterior tibial artery flaps should be considered for over 8 cm defect in order to elevate survival rate of the flaps and reconstruct limb function.
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Butanol is not only an important chemical feedstock but also expected to become a new generation biofuel. Thus, biological butanol production using renewable feedstocks has attracted renewed attention due to the worries of global oil supply and its impact on social and economic development. However, compared with petrochemical-derived butanol, biological butanol production is still not economically competition, because of its major drawbacks: high cost of the feedstocks, low butanol concentration in the fermentation broth and the co-production of low-value byproducts acetone and ethanol. Recently, Shanghai cooperative bio-butanol group (SCBG) developed a simple-to-complex technical route to improve bio-butanol production with a focus on: increasing butanol ratio in the solvent through metabolic engineering of Clostridia spp.; introducing and optimizing the butanol synthetic pathway in the species with high butanol tolerance; overcoming the glucose repression effect to utilize low-cost non-grain based feedstocks. SCBG believes that, through extensive domestic and international industry-university-research cooperation, a sustainable and economically viable process for biological butanol production can be established in the near future.
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Biofuels , Butanols , Metabolism , Clostridium , Genetics , Metabolism , Clostridium beijerinckii , Genetics , Metabolism , Fermentation , Genetic Engineering , Methods , Industrial Microbiology , MethodsABSTRACT
[Objective]To compare the short term outcome in treatment of degenerative lumbar stenosis with Coflex implant versus laminectomy and posterior interbody fusion along with pedicle screw system. [Methods]Thirty patients with degenerative lumbar stenosis were randomly divided into two groups.Fifteen patients in the control group were treated with laminectomy and posterior interbody fusion along with pedicle screw system. The other 15 patients in the experiment group were treated with Coflex implant. The parameters for assessment included operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay,pre- and postoperative JOA score,improvement rate and complication rate.[Results]Compared to the control,significant reduction was found in terms of operation time,intraoperative blood loss,and hospital stay in the experiment group.No significant difference was found regard to the improvement rate and postoperative JOA score. In addition ,there was no complication in the Coflex group during the follow-up.[Conclusion]Coflex implant is an effective,save and minimally invasive surgical method for the treatment of degenerative lumbar stenosis.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>To evaluate the effects and toxicities of combination therapy of chemotherapy with hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)+5-fluorouracil (5-FU)+cisplatin (DDP) and concurrent radiotherapy for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>From September 1999 to May 2001, 31 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled in this study. They were given chemotherapy with HCPT 6mg/m² on days 1-5, 5-FU 300mg/m² on days 1-5, DDP 30mg/m² on days 1-3 and concurrent radiotherapy. The chemotherapy was repeated every 28 days as a cycle. Each patient should receive at least two cycles. The total dose of primary tumors varied up to DT 50-70 Gy/25-35f, and that of metastatic tumors up to DT 30-60 Gy/10-30f .</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Among the 31 patients, 6 got complete response, 18 got partial response, 5 had stable disease and 2 had progressive disease, with an overall response rate of 77.4% (24/31). The median survival duration was 16.7 months. The 1- and 2- year survival rates were 54.7% and 30.2%, and 1- and 2- year local control rates were 61% and 40%, respectively. The main toxicities were marrow suppression and gastrointestinal symptoms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The results suggest that HCPT-based chemotherapy combined with concurrent radiotherapy is effective for NSCLC and can improve the survival rate and life quality of the patients with lung cancer.</p>
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Purpose:To investigate the therapeutic effect a nd toxicity of combination chemotherapy with navelbine (NVB) and epirubicin (E- ADM) in treating metastatic breast cancer. Methods:37 patients with metastatic breast cancer were treated with combination chemotherapy of vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 d 1.8, E-ADM 60 mg/m2 d 1, 21 days for a cycle, a total of 2-4 cycles, made tracks for 6-37 months. Results:Among 27 patients with 37 metastatis, CR was 37.84%(14/ 37), PR 16.22%(6/37), SD 37.83%(14/37), SD≥6 months,21.62%(8/37), PD8.11%(3/37) , ORR(CR+PR) 54.05%, (CR+PR+SD≥6 months) 75.68%, and TTP was 6-9 months. Th e peak value of the efficiency to the lymph metastasis above the clavicle was 90 .9%. The toxicity was leukopenia,losing hair,milieu phlebitis. 74.07% of cases was in Grade Ⅲ and Grade Ⅳ leukopenia , 11.11% of cases was phlebitis. Conclusions:The combination chemotherapy with navelbine(NVB) an d epirubicin (E-ADM) in treating metastatic breast canser is effective and has acceptable tolerance.
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Purpose: To observe the efficacy of combined chemotherapy of navelbine( NVB) and cisplatin ( DDP) plus concurrent palliative local radiotherapy in the treatment of stage M, nasopharngeal carcinoma( NPC). Methods: 21 cases of stage M, NPC received combined chemotherapy of NVB 25 mg/m2 on dl, d8 and DDP 30 mg/m2 on day 1-3. The therapy was repeated every 28 days. All patients were concurrenly treated with palliative radiotherapy for to the distant metastases areas. The radiotherapy dose varied from 15 to 60 Gy. Results: 1.The 1-, 2- and 3- year survival rates of the patients were 71.43%, 14.29% and 9.25% respectively. The median survival time ( MST) was 17 months. 2.The Cox Regression analysis showed that the effect of treatment and the liver invasion are significant prognostic factors. The survival rate is the highest in the patients with lung metastases. Conclusions: This scheme combined chemotherapy of NVB and DDP plus concurrent palliative local radiotherapy can improve the MST of the patients with stage M1 of NPC.
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Background and purpose:The mechanism of vinorelbine is inhibition of microtubule protein assembly and inducetion of the disaggreation of microtubles;where as docetaxed promotes the assembly of microtuble protein and inhibits normal physiological disaggreation of tubulin.We studied the curative effect and toxicity of combination of chemotherapy with navelbine(NVB) plus paclitaxel in the treatment of advanced breast cancer.Methods:Forty-two pathologically and cytologically proved cases of advanced breast cancer were treated with intravenous infusion of navelbine 25mg/m~2 on d1 and d8,paclitaxel 175mg/m~2 by 3-hour continuous infusion on d1.Interval between each cycle was 21 days and the clinical response and the toxicity were assessed after 2~4 cycles.Results:The overall response rate(RR) for the whole group of patients was 66.7% with 16.7% complete response(CR).In the first time chemotherapy patients,the RR was 72.2% with 27.2% CR;while in those with prior chemotherapy,an RR as high as 62.5% with 8.3% CR was also obtained.The 2-and 4-year survival rates was 40.5% and 21.4%,the median remission period was 8 months,the median overall survival duration was 18 months.The major side effects include leukopenia,hairloss,milieu phlebitis.Conclusions:The combination chemotherapy with navelbine and paclitaxel in treatment of advanced breast cancer is effective and the side effects could be tolerated.
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Hemodialysis is the most important and effective treatment for patients with chronic renal failure. It provides the opportunity for patient to lead a meaningful and long life. The author analyzed the present state of hemodialysis for patients with chronic renal failure in China and put forward some concrete proposals to the improvement of hemodialysis.